Thursday, January 13, 2011

Arabs need to talk to the Israelis – comment

It seems that every time Israel has conceded territory conditions got worse.

It is time for the Arabs to show that they mean peace and not terror.

A peace between the Arabs and Israelis will bring economic prosperity to the region of which the world has never seen before.

(I think Russia, Europe and the

USA

are afraid of this potential economic boom)

(The Arab nations are also afraid of such economic boom; it will lead to their loss of control of the population)

You take the Israeli technology and know-how, combine it with the Arab labor force and resources and you have an enormous economic boom.

YJ Draiman

Northridge, CA

Balfour Declaration

November 2, 1917

On November 2nd, 1917, British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour replied to a letter from Lord Rothschild, the head of the Zionist Federation in Great Britain dated July 18th. The letter included the final text of the Balfour Declaration, a document expressing British support for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Earlier that year, on July 12^th, Nahum Sokolow wrote a tentative draft of the declaration [1] and sent it, and some explanatory comments to Lord Rothschild, the head of the Zionist Federation in Great Britain. Sokolow also sent the draft to Sir Mark Sykes and Sir Ronald Graham, both of whom thought the article was too long and covered too much.

On July 17^th, Sokolow met with members of the Political Committee and succeeded in cutting and revising the article. After the meeting, Sokolow wrote to Lord Rothschild saying,

" . . . It was thought that the declaration should contain two principles, (1) the recognition of Palestine as the national home of the Jewish people, (2) the recognition of the Zionist Organization."2 With this new insight, Sokolow revised the draft 3 and sent it on to Lord Rothschild.

On July 18^th, 1917, Lord Rothschild sent this and a cover letter to Arthur James Balfour, saying, "At last I am able to send you the formula you asked me for."4 Balfour replied a day later, thanking Lord Rothschild for his letter and telling him that he would not be able to respond quickly, as there was much to be considered. By the middle of August, however, Balfour had a draft of the declaration completed. It was almost an exact reiteration of what Sokolow had written.5 The draft was written in the form of a letter to Lord Rothschild.

On October 31^st, 1917, the War Cabinet met to decide on a final document for the declaration. In their possession they had Balfour's declaration and two others: a revised text of the Milner-Amery draft declaration 6, and the Curzon memorandum. After Balfour addressed two issues laid out by Curzon, concerning the inadequacy of Palestine as a home for the Jewish people or any other people, and the potential difficulty between the Jews and other people groups living in Palestine, a vote was taken and Balfour's revised draft was passed. Balfour was then instructed to make the declaration presentable to the public.

Two days later, on November 2^nd, 1917, Balfour wrote his official reply to Lord Rothschild's July 18 letter. In it he included the Balfour Declaration, much altered from the first document Lord Rothschild had sent him. The following is the official Balfour Declaration:

Foreign Office
November 2nd, 1917

Dear Lord Rothschild:

I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet:

His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.

I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

Yours,
Arthur James Balfour 7

The official reasons for British interest in securing a Jewish state are still controversial. Palestine, during that time was "a foothold in the Eastern Mediterranean."8 Some potential reasons for British interest in the establishment of a Jewish state include "the desire to maintain an open channel through the Middle East to its extensive possessions in India and East Africa . . . the need to keep the Russians in the war and persuade the Americans to enter the war . . . wanting to reward Chaim Weizmann, a brilliant chemist and strong Zionist leader, for his help in the war effort."9

Notes:

[1] His Majesty's Government, after considering the aims of the Zionist Organization, accepts the principle of recognizing Palestine as the National Home of the Jewish people and the right of the Jewish people to build up its national life in Palestine under a protection to be established at the conclusion of peace following upon the successful issue of the War.

His Majesty's Government regards as essential for the realization of this principle the grant of internal autonomy to the Jewish nationality in Palestine, freedom of immigration for Jews, and the establishment of a Jewish National Colonizing Corporation for the resettlement and economic development of the country.

The conditions and forms of the internal autonomy and a Charter for the Jewish National Colonizing Corporation should, in the view of His Majesty's Government, be elaborated in detail and determined with the representatives of the Zionist Organization. (Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, pp. 558-59)

2 Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, p. 559

3 1. His Majesty's Government accepts the principle that Palestine should be reconstituted as the National Home of the Jewish people.

2. His Majesty's Government will use its best endeavors to secure the achievement of this object and will discuss the necessary methods and means with the Zionist Organization. (Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, p. 559)

4 Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, p. 559

5 Dear Lord Rothschild,

In reply to your letter of July 18^th. I am glad to be in a position to inform you that His Majesty's Government accept the principle that Palestine should be reconstituted as the national home of the Jewish people.

His Majesty's Government will use their best endeavors to secure the achievement of this object and will be ready to consider any suggestions on the subject which the Zionist Organization may desire to lay before them. (Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, p. 561)

6 His Majesty's Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish race, and will use its best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object; it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of the existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed in any other country by such Jews who are fully contented with their existing nationality [and citizenship]. (Sanders, The High Walls of Jerusalem, pp. 590-91)

7 http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/balfour.html

8 Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917-1948, p. 7

9 http://www.foigm.org/IMG/varner6.htm

Bibliography:

Sanders, Ronald, The High Walls of Jerusalem (New York, New York; Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984), pp. 558-559,561, 590-591.

Shepherd, Naomi, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine 1917-1948 (New Brunswick, New Jersey; Rutgers University Press, 2000), p. 7.

MSN Research and Learning. "

Israel

(Country), VII History" In "Encarta" <http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761575008&pn=5&para= 52#p52>1993-2003.

Washington State University. "The Balfour Declaration" In "Resources for the Study of World Civilizations: Reading About the World." <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/balfour.html>.

Varner, Will. "Behind the Balfour Declaration" In "The Friends of Israel: Israel My Glory."<http://www.foigm.org/IMG/varner6.htm>.

Researched and Written
by:
Rebecca Redinger
HIST 2260: The Modern World
September 11, 2003

The Modern Era

From 1900

1901: Oil discovered in Persia
1906: Muslim League in India is founded.
1908: "Young Turk" revolution.

Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina

1912-1913: First Balkan War
1913: "Young Turk" coup.
1914: Ottoman Empire enters WWI.
1917: Balfour Declaration on Palestine
1921: Reza Khan stages coup in Persia.
1923: Republic of Turkey is established
1925: Reza Khan proclaims himself Shah. Founds Pahlavi dynasty in Iran.
1932: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is established
1947: Partition of India into Pakistan and India
1948: Proclamation of the state of Israel.

First Arab-Israeli War.

1953: Proclamation of the Egyptian Republic.
1956: Nassar Nationalizes the Suez Canal.
1958: Monarchy in Iraq is overthrown.
1967: Six-Day War.
1968: Ba'ath Party coup in Iraq.
1971: War between India and Pakistan.

Bangladesh receives independence.

1973: The Yom Kippur War
1979: Islamic Revolution in Iran.
1980-1988: Iran-Iraq War.
1988: First intifada begins.
1990-1991: The Gulf War.
2001: Attack on the World Trade Center in New York.

The United States attacks Talliban in Afghanistan.

World War I

1914-1918

The Road to War: 1890-1914

1898: Germany begins its naval buildup.
1902: Britain and Japan conclude a naval alliance
1905: The First Moroccan Crisis.
1907: Anglo-Russian treaty over Persia.

Triple Entente is completed.

1911: Italy annexes Tripoli
1912: The First Balkan War Balkans Chronology
1913: The Second Balkan War
1914: The Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated in Sarajevo

World War I begins

The Course of the War: 1914-1918

1914: The Battle of the Marne

The Ottoman Empire enters the war

1918: Germany and the Soviet Union conclude the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

President Wilson's Fourteen Points
Armistice ends the war.

The Aftermath

1918: Revolutions in Germany, Austria and Turkey.
1919: Allied governments intervene in Russia
The Treaty of Versailles is ratified.
The League of Nations is founded.

Indisputably, Jerusalem is the Capital of the Israel and its Jewish population

Indisputably, Jerusalem is the Capital of the Israel and its Jewish population. King Herdo's greatest and most magnificent project in Jerusalem was the platform of the Temple Mount and the Temple itself. During Hrdo's regin the area of the Temple Mount was enlarged and huge supporting walls were built. The Western Wall, part of his supporting system, in 486 meters long. Following the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple by the Romans at the end of the Jew's revolt, the supporting wall and the platform remained. In the centuries that followed legends and commentaries sprang up about the Western Wall and its sanctity: "This is the Western Wall af the Temple, which is never destroyed for the shekhinah [the Divine presence] is in the west" (Talmud tractate Bamidbar Rabah 11:63). Over time the Western Wall became the central and most important place of worship for the Jews of Jerusalem.

Wednesday, January 12, 2011

20 Years of Research Reveals Jerusalem Belongs to Jews

(IsraelNN.com) Jacques Gauthier, a non-Jewish Canadian lawyer who spent 20 years researching the legal status of Jerusalem, has concluded: "Jerusalem belongs to the Jews, by international law.".

Gauthier has written a doctoral dissertation on the topic of Jerusalem and its legal history, based on international treaties and resolutions of the past 90 years. The dissertation runs some 1,300 pages, with 3,000 footnotes. Gauthier had to present his thesis to a world-famous Jewish historian and two leading international lawyers - the Jewish one of whom has represented the Palestinian Authority on numerous occasions.

Gauthier's main point, as summarized by Israpundit editor Ted Belman, is that a non-broken series of treaties and resolutions, as laid out by the San Remo Resolution, the League of Nations and the United Nations, gives the Jewish People title to the city of Jerusalem. The process began at San Remo, Italy, when the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I - Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan - agreed to create a Jewish national home in what is now the Land of Israel.

San Remo
The relevant resolution reads as follows: "The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust... the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory [authority that] will be responsible for putting into effect the [Balfour] declaration... in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."

Gauthier notes that the San Remo treaty specifically notes that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine" - but says nothing about any "political" rights of the Arabs living there.

The San Remo Resolution also bases itself on Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which declares that it is a "a sacred trust of civilization" to provide for the well-being and development of colonies and territories whose inhabitants are "not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world." Specifically, a resolution was formulated to create a Mandate to form a Jewish national home in Palestine.

League of Nations
The League of Nations' resolution creating the Palestine Mandate included the following significant clause: “Whereas recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country." No such recognition of Arab rights in Palestine was granted.

In 1945, the United Nations took over from the failed League of Nations - and assumed the latter's obligations. Article 80 of the UN Charter states: "Nothing in this Chapter shall be construed, in or of itself, to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instruments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties."

UN Partition Plan
however, in 1947, the General Assembly of the UN passed Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan. It violated the League of Nations' Mandate for Palestine in that it granted political rights to the Arabs in western Palestine - yet, ironically, the Arabs worked to thwart the plan's passage, while the Jews applauded it.

Resolution 181 also provided for a Special regime for Jerusalem, with borders delineated in all four directions: The then-extant municipality of Jerusalem plus the surrounding villages and towns up to Abu Dis in the east, Bethlehem in the south, Ein Karem and Motza in the west, and Shuafat in the north.

Referendum Scheduled for Jerusalem
The UN resolved that the City of Jerusalem shall be established as a separate entity under a special international regime and shall be administered by the United Nations. The regime was to come into effect by October 1948, and was to remain in force for a period of ten years, unless the UN's Trusteeship Council decided otherwise. After the ten years, the residents of Jerusalem "shall be then free to express by means of a referendum their wishes as to possible modifications of regime of the City."

The resolution never took effect, because Jordan controlled eastern Jerusalem after the 1948 War of Independence and did not follow its provisions.

After 1967
After the Six Day War in 1967, Israel regained Jerusalem and other land west of Jordan. Gauthier notes that the UN Security Council then passed Resolution 242 authorizing Israel to remain in possession of all the land until it had “secure and recognized boundaries.” The resolution was notably silent on Jerusalem, and also referred to the "necessity for achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem,” with no distinction made between Jewish and Arab refugees.

Today
Given Jerusalem's strong Jewish majority, Gauthier concludes, Israel should be demanding that the long-delayed city referendum on the city's future be held as soon as possible. Not only should Israel be demanding that the referendum be held now, Jerusalem should be the first order of business. "Olmert is sloughing us off by saying [as he did before the Annapolis Conference two months ago], 'Jerusalem is not on the table yet,'" Gauthier concludes. "He should demand that the referendum take place before the balance of the land is negotiated. If the Arabs won’t agree to the referendum, there is nothing to talk about."

An interesting questionnaire for Palestinian Advocates

An interesting questionnaire for Palestinian Advocates

If you are so sure "Palestine, the country, goes back through most of recorded history," I expect you to be able to answer a basic questions about that country of Palestine:

1. When was it founded and by whom?
2. What were its borders?
3. What was its capital?
4. What were its major cities?
5. What constituted the basis of its economy?
6. What was its form of government?
7. Can you name at least one Palestinian leader before Arafat?
8. Was Palestine ever recognized by a country whose existence, at that time or now, leaves no room for interpretation?
9. What was the language of the country of Palestine ?
10. What was the prevalent religion of the country of Palestine ?
11. What was the name of its currency? Choose any date in history and tell what was the approximate exchange rate of the Palestinian monetary unit against the US dollar, German mark, GB pound, Japanese yen, or Chinese Yuan on that date.
12. And, finally, since there is no such country today, what caused its demise and when did it occur?

You are lamenting the "low sinking" of a "once proud" nation.

Please tell me, when exactly was that "nation" proud and what was it so proud of?

???? Do the Palestinian Arabs knot that their Koran states in The Qur'an 17:104 - states the land belongs to the Jewish people - "And thereafter we [Allah] said to the Children of Israel: 'Dwell securely in the Promised Land.”

Here is the least sarcastic question of all: If the people that are mistakenly called "Palestinians" are anything but generic Arabs collected from all over

Crash Course on the Arab Israeli Conflict

Crash Course on the Arab Israeli Conflict
Here are overlooked facts in the current Middle East situation; these were compiled by a Christian university professor. It makes sense and it’s not slanted. Jew and non-Jew –it doesn’t matter. Thank You.
1. Nationhood and Jerusalem. Israel became a nation in 1312 B.C.E., two thousand years before the rise of Islam.
2. Arab refugees in Israel began identifying themselves as part of a Palestinian people in 1967, two decades after the establishment of the modern State of Israel.
3. Since the Jewish conquest in 1272 B.C.E., the Jews have had dominion over the land for one thousand years with a continuous presence in the land for the past 3,300 years.
4. The only Arab dominion since the conquest in 635 C.E. lasted no more than 22 years.
5. For over 3,300 years, Jerusalem has been the Jewish capital. Jerusalem has never been the capital of any Arab or Muslim entity. Even when the Jordanians occupied Jerusalem, they never sought to make it their capital, and Arab leaders did not come to visit.
6. Jerusalem is mentioned over 700 times in Tanach, the Jewish Holy Scriptures. Jerusalem is not mentioned once in the Koran.
7. King David founded the city of Jerusalem. Mohammed never came to Jerusalem.
8. Jews pray facing Jerusalem. Muslims pray with their backs toward Jerusalem.
9. Arab and Jewish Refugees: In 1948 the Arab refugees were encouraged to leave Israel by Arab leaders promising to purge the land of Jews. Sixty-eight percent left without ever seeing an Israeli soldier.
10. The Jewish refugees were forced to flee from Arab lands due to Arab brutality, persecution and pogroms.
11. The number of Arab refugees who left Israel in 1948 is estimated to be around 630,000. The number of Jewish refugees from Arab lands is estimated to be the same.
12. Arab refugees were INTENTIONALLY not absorbed or integrated into the Arab lands to which they fled, despite the vast Arab territory. Out of the 100,000,000 refugees since World War II, theirs is the only refugeegroup in the world that has never been absorbed or integrated into their own peoples’ lands. Jewish refugees were completely absorbed into Israel, a country no larger than the state of New Jersey.
13. The Arab – Israeli Conflict: The Arabs are represented by eight separate nations, not including the Palestinians.
There is only one Jewish nation.
The Arab nations initiated all five wars and lost.

Israel

defended itself each time and won.
14. The P.L.O.’s Charter still calls for the destruction of the State of Israel. Israel has given the Palestinians most of the West Bank land, autonomy under the Palestinian Authority, and has supplied them.
15. Under Jordanian rule, Jewish holy sites were desecrated and the Jews were denied access to places of worship. Under Israeli rule, all Muslim and Christian sites have been preserved and made accessible to people of all faiths.
16. The U.N. Record on Israel and the Arabs: of the 175 Security Council resolutions passed before 1990, 97 were directed against Israel.
17. Of the 690 General Assembly resolutions voted on before 1990, 429 were directed against Israel.
18. The U.N was silent while 58 Jerusalem Synagogues were destroyed by the Jordanians.
19. The U.N. was silent while the Jordanians systematically desecrated the ancient Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives.
20. The U.N. was silent while the Jordanians enforced an apartheid-like policy of preventing Jews from visiting the Temple Mount and the Western Wall.

End the Unjust Arab Occupation of Jewish Land

NO PALESTINIAN STATE – No land concessions R7.

Imagine that the various people who settled in the United States for the past 300 years decided one day that they one to parcel the United States into an independent State just for them, would the American public go for it. The Answer is absolutely NO.

The situation in Israel today is no different. The Arabs there are not Palestinians, there is no such Arab nation as Palestine or Palestinian people.

Europeans countries today are consisting of numerous people from other countries. Would the Europeans people cede part of their country to set up another State in their midst. The answer is absolutely NO.

Archeological excavations and historical data is the best proof Israel belongs to the Jewish Nation and non-other.

All the Arabs in Israel and surrounding areas are from the various Arab nations, such as Jordan, Syria, Egypt,

Lebanon

and other Arab nations.

Transfer all Arabs from Israel to Jewish Land and Homes confiscated by Arab Countries.

Prominent PLO Arab says there are no 'Palestinians' and no "Palestine"

PLO executive committee member Zahir Muhsein admitted in a March 31, 1977 interview with a Dutch newspaper Trouw.

"The Palestinian people do not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for our Arab unity. In reality today there is no difference between Jordanians, Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese. Only for political and tactical reasons do we speak today about the existence of a Palestinian people, since Arab national interests demand that we posit the existence of a distinct 'Palestinian people' to oppose Zionism. "

The Qur'an 17:104 - states the land belongs to the Jewish people

If the historic documents, comments written by eyewitnesses and declarations by the most authoritative Arab scholars are still not enough, let us quote the most important source for Muslim Arabs:

"And thereafter we [Allah] said to the Children of Israel: 'Dwell securely in the Promised Land. And when the last warning will come to pass, we will gather you together in a mingled crowd'.".

017.104
YUSUFALI: And We said thereafter to the Children of Israel, "Dwell securely in the land (of promise)": but when the second of the warnings came to pass, We gathered you together in a mingled crowd.
PICKTHAL: And We said unto the Children of Israel after him: Dwell in the land; but when the promise of the Hereafter cometh to pass We shall bring you as a crowd gathered out of various nations.
SHAKIR: And We said to the Israelites after him: Dwell in the land: and when the promise of the next life shall come to pass, we will bring you both together in judgment.

- Qur'an 17:104 -

Any sincere Muslim must recognize the Land they call "Palestine" as the Jewish Homeland, according to the book considered by Muslims to be the most sacred word and Allah's ultimate revelation.

Any building of housing in The Greater Israel is the right and duty of the Israeli government. There is no such a thing as occupied territory. It is the land of Israel for over 4,000 years.

Sequence of historical events, agreements and a non-broken series of treaties and resolutions, as laid out by the San Remo Resolution, the League of Nations and the United Nations, gives the Jewish People title to the city of Jerusalem and the rest of Israel totaling approximately 45,000 square miles, as mandated by the League of Nations in July of 1922. The process began at San Remo, Italy, when the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I - Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan - agreed to create a Jewish national home in what is now the Land of Israel. (You might as well break apart Syria which was mandated at the same time).

YJ Draiman.

20 Years of Research Reveals Jerusalem Belongs to Jews

We must unleash the wrath of G-D against the enemies of Israel and those collaborating with the enemy.

End the Unjust Arab Occupation of Jewish Land

Bible, Zechariah 1:14 Thus says the L-RD of hosts, "I am exceedingly jealous for Jerusalem and Zion." Jerusalem is mentioned hundreds of times in the Jewish Bible, NOT once in the Koran. Psalm 135:12 "He gave their land as a heritage to Israel His people." Thousands of years ago, G-D foretold in Bible the present-day murderous hate for Israel. Psalm 83 They have said, "Come and let us wipe them out as a nation, that the name of

Israel

be remembered no more. For they have conspired together with one mind; against You they make a covenant". The Bible makes it clear that the war is against G-D.

http://einshalom.com/archives/57

You are lamenting the "low sinking" of a "once proud" nation.

Please tell me, when exactly was that "nation" proud and what was it so proud of?

Here is the least sarcastic question of all: If the people that are mistakenly called "Palestinians" are anything but generic Arabs collected from all over

Israel

The Land of Israel and its uncontested Capital Jerusalem

The Land of Israel and its uncontested Capital Jerusalem

The Qur'an 17:104 - states the land belongs to the Jewish people.

If the historic documents, comments written by eyewitnesses and declarations by the most authoritative Arab scholars are still not enough, let us quote the most important source for Muslim Arabs:

"And thereafter we [Allah] said to the Children of Israel: 'Dwell securely in the Promised Land. And when the last warning will come to pass, we will gather you together in a mingled crowd'.".

- Qur'an 17:104 -

Any sincere Muslim must recognize the Land they call "Palestine" as the Jewish Homeland, according to the book considered by Muslims to be the most sacred word and Allah's ultimate revelation.

“The birthplace of the Jewish people is the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael). There, a significant part of the nation's long history was enacted, of which the first thousand years are recorded in the Bible; there, its cultural, religious and national identity was formed; and there, its physical presence has been maintained through the centuries, even after the majority was forced into exile. During the many years of dispersion, the Jewish people never severed nor forgot its bond with the Land. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Jewish independence, lost two thousand years earlier, was renewed.”

If people of any nation were exiled to other country’s and than years later were able to reclaim their country, the world population as a whole would support such action and would not consider giving a piece of the country to the foreigners who are residing there, and under no circumstances would they consider parceling portions of the county to be set up as a separate State for the foreigners.

Why should anyone in the world consider doing this very same action with the land of Israel which is a Jewish land for thousands of years?

The Arabs living in the land of Israel have come from the surrounding Arab countries; they have no right whatsoever to any part of the land of Israel.

In the past hundred years many Jews were ejected from Arab countries surrounding the land of Israel, their property taken and their homes and lands taken over.

Let those Arabs who want to Claim the land of Israel as theirs go to those Arab countries and the homes and lands that the Jews were occupying.

Any part of the land of Israel is not occupied territory; it is legally a Jewish land and has been for thousands of years, no Arab has any right to claim any rights to the land of Israel. The surrounding Arab countries compose of over 100 million people and millions of square miles, why do they have to bother little Israel with its territory about the size of the State of New Jersey.

Maybe the world should consider giving European countries or parts to the Italians, since the Romans occupied it for many years.

JERUSALEM

If I forget thee, O Jerusalem,
may my right hand forget its cunning.
May my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth,
if I do not set Jerusalem above my highest joy.
(Psalms 137:5-6)

Jerusalem, the uncontested and undivided capital of

Israel

, is located in the heart of the country, nestled among the Judean Hills. The city's ancient stones, imbued with millennia of history, and its numerous historical sites, shrines and places of worship attest to its meaning for Jews..

Jerusalem the "eternal and undivided capital" of the Jewish people,

Jerusalem is -- and must remain -- the uncontested, undivided capital of Israel.

Jerusalem is the only city that can prove the validity of Israeli-Jewish existence. No one should question Jewish historic claim and affinity to Jerusalem which dates back the Canaanite period (3000-1200 BCE). The re-capture of the old city in 1967 was widely seen by the Israelis as nothing less than the renewal of God's covenant with the Jews. Jerusalem represents their past and present, a source of religious and cultural continuity without which Israel's very existence could unravel. The hope of returning to Jerusalem has sustained the Jews throughout their dispersion, and centuries of exile have been unable to extinguish it.

Abraham, Isaac and Jacobs resided in the land of Israel and Jerusalem from the year 1948 from Creation (circa 1800 BCE).
King David made Jerusalem the capital of his kingdom, as well as the religious center of the Jewish people, in 1003 BCE. Some forty years later, his son Solomon built the Temple (the religious and national center of the people of Israel) and transformed the city into the prosperous capital of an empire extending from the Euphrates to Egypt.
The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar conquered Jerusalem in 586 BCE, destroyed the Temple, and exiled the people. Fifty years later, when Babylon was conquered by the Persians, King Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to their homeland and granted them autonomy. They built a Second Temple on the site of the First, and rebuilt the city and its walls.
Alexander the Great conquered Jerusalem in 332 BCE. After his death the city was ruled by the Ptolemies of Egypt and then by the Seleucids of Syria. The Hellenization of the city reached its peak under the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV; the desecration of the Temple and attempts to suppress Jewish religious identity resulted in a revolt.
Led by Judah Maccabee, the Jews defeated the Seleucids, rededicated the Temple (164 BCE), and re-established Jewish independence under the Hasmonean dynasty, which lasted for more than a hundred years, until Pompey imposed Roman rule on Jerusalem. King Herod the Idumean, who was installed as ruler of Judah by the Romans (37 - 4 BCE), established cultural institutions in Jerusalem, erected magnificent public buildings and refashioned the Temple into an edifice of splendor.
Jewish revolt against Rome broke out in 66 CE, as Roman rule after Herod's death became increasingly oppressive. For a few years Jerusalem was free of foreign rule, until, in 70 CE, Roman legions under Titus conquered the city and destroyed the Temple. Jewish independence was briefly restored during the Bar Kochba revolt (132-135), but again the Romans prevailed. Jews were forbidden to enter the city, which was renamed Aelia Capitolina and rebuilt along the lines of a Roman city.
For the next century and a half, Jerusalem was a small provincial town. This changed radically when the Byzantine Emperor Constantine transformed Jerusalem into a Christian center. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher (335) was the first of numerous grandiose structures built in the City.
Muslim armies invaded the country in 634, and four years later Caliph Omar captured Jerusalem. Only during the reign of Abdul Malik, who built the Dome of the Rock (691), did Jerusalem briefly become the seat of a caliph. The century-long rule of the Umayvad Dynasty from Damascus was succeeded in 750 by the Abbasids from Baghdad, and with them Jerusalem began to decline.
The Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099, massacred its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants, and established the city as the capital of the Crusader Kingdom. Under the Crusaders, synagogues were destroyed, old churches were rebuilt and many mosques were turned into Christian shrines. Crusader rule over Jerusalem ended in 1187, when the city fell to Saladin the Kurd.
The Mamluks, a military feudal aristocracy from Egypt, ruled Jerusalem from 1250. They constructed numerous graceful buildings, but treated the city solely as a Muslim theological center and ruined its economy through neglect and crippling taxes.
The Ottoman Turks, whose rule lasted for four centuries, conquered Jerusalem in 1517. Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt the city walls (1537), constructed the Sultan's Pool, and placed public fountains throughout the city. After his death. The central authorities in Constantinople took little interest in Jerusalem. During the 17th and 18th centuries Jerusalem sunk to one of its lowest ebbs.
Jerusalem began to thrive once more in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Growing numbers of Jews returning to their land, waning Ottoman power and revitalized European interest in the Holy Land led to renewed development of Jerusalem.
The British army led by General Allenby conquered Jerusalem in 1917. From 1922 to 1948 Jerusalem was the administrative seat of the British authorities in the Land of Israel (Palestine), which had been entrusted to Great Britain by the League of Nations following the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The city developed rapidly, growing westward into what became known as the "New City."
Upon termination of the British Mandate on May 14, 1948, and in accordance with the UN resolution of November 29, 1947, Israel proclaimed its independence, with Jerusalem as its capital. Opposing its establishment, the Arab countries launched an all-out assault on the new re-established state, resulting in the 1948-49 War of Independence. The armistice lines drawn at the end of the war divided Jerusalem into two, with Jordan occupying the Old City and areas to the north and south, and Israel retaining the western and southern parts of the city.
Jerusalem was reunited in June 1967, as a result of a war in which the Jordanians attempted to seize the western section of the city. The Jewish Quarter of the Old City, destroyed under Jordanian rule, has been restored, and Israeli citizens are again able to visit their holy places, which had been denied them during the years 1948-1967.

Conclusion, the land of Israel and Jerusalem as its undivided capital for the Jewish people is a historical fact for thousands of years and shall remain that way for eternity.

Rising in defense of our security, our liberty and our values.

YJ Draiman